Here’s the original signed Platte Purchase Treaty document that was signed at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, on September 17, 1836. It was ratified the US Senate on February 15, 1837 and signed by Martin Van Buren on March 28, 1837.
It is identified as Ratified Indian Treaty #211 on the National Archives (archives.org)
The whole package, including Andrew Jackson’s signature, can be downloaded as a 148033811.pdf .
The treaty is only 3 pages long.
Perhaps the most charring aspect of the treaty is that the Native American signatures are tiny x’s
Ca-Ha-Qua (“Red Fox”) was said to be chief of the Sac/Fox (although not identified as such in the treaty, which refers to the signatories as “chiefs, warriors, and counsellors.”
Below are the Sac/Foxes who signed:
- Cau-ca-car-mack, rock bass, his x mark,
- Sea-sa-ho, sturgeon, his x mark,
- Pe-a-chin-a-car-mack, bald headed eagle, his x mark,
- Pe-a-chin-a-car-mack, jr., bald headed eagle, his x mark,
- Ca-ha-qua, red fox, his x mark,
- Pc-shaw-ca, bear, his x mark,
- Po-cau-ma, deer, his x mark,
- Ne-bosh-ca-wa, wolf, his x mark,
- Ne-squi-in-a, deer, his x mark,
- Ne-sa-au-qua, bear, his x mark,
- Qua-co-ou-si, wolf, his x mark,
- Se-quil-la, deer, his x mark,
- As-ke-pa-ke-ka-as-a, green lake, his x mark,
- Wa-pa-se, swan, his x mark,
- No-cha-taw-wa-ta-sa, star, his x mark
Mo-hos-ca, or white cloud signed for the Ioways. Below is his mark.
Below are the Ioways who signed.
- Ioways: Mo-hos-ca, or white cloud, his x mark, [Maxaska]
- Nau-che-ning, or no heart, his x mark, [Naceninge]
- Wa-che-mo-ne, or the orator, his x mark, [Wac’emani]
- Ne-o-mo-ne, or raining cloud, his x mark, [Niumani]
- Mau-o-mo-ne, or pumpkin, his x mark, [Mawomani]
- Congu, or plumb, his x mark, [Kanje= plum]
- Wau-thaw-ca-be-chu, one that eats raw, his x mark, [Wathakebicu]
- Ne-wau-thaw-chu, hair shedder, his x mark, [Niwathacu]
- Mau-hau-ka, bunch of arrows, his x mark, [Mahaga]
- Cha-tau-the-ne, big bull, his x mark, [Cedothini]
- Cha-tea-thau, buffalo bull, his x mark, [Ceditho]
- Cha-ta-ha-ra-wa-re, foreign buffalo, his x mark, [Cedaharaware]
Also jarring is that two of the sworn interpreters had to sign with X and thus could not read why was being signed.
- Jeffrey Dorion, his x mark, sworn interpreter,
- Peter Cadue, his x mark, sworn interpreter
You can read the full text of the treaty here.